爬坡生产是检验线束厂生产能力的重要过程,本文线束工程师之家主要介绍下爬坡生产具体实施的方法和步骤。
爬坡的概念:由于线束的装配大都靠人工操作,因此人员的速度不可能一蹴而就,需要经过循序渐进的训练过程,才可以达到我们预设的速度,即在节拍时间内完成线束的生产。这种循序渐进的过程便是爬坡。爬坡的过程是从熟悉线束到熟练生产的过程,最终达到客户需求量。文章源自线束工程师之家-https://suncve.com/methods-and-steps-of-ramp-production-implementation/
爬坡的时间:按照客户量产的时间和数量,再根据自身的员工爬坡的时间,设定爬坡开始和结束的时间。一般在爬坡前IE都会查询清楚客户后续几个月的产量信息,在客户量产达到峰值前,我们需要完成爬坡,同时不耽误爬坡时的交货。文章源自线束工程师之家-https://suncve.com/methods-and-steps-of-ramp-production-implementation/

爬坡的目的:文章源自线束工程师之家-https://suncve.com/methods-and-steps-of-ramp-production-implementation/
爬坡生产实施的方法和步骤:文章源自线束工程师之家-https://suncve.com/methods-and-steps-of-ramp-production-implementation/
1、制定爬坡计划:制定爬坡计划前,需要联合各个部门召开爬坡预准备会议,由项目经理组织,邀请IE、质量、生产、物流等相关的小组成员,根据客户的需求,同小组成员一同制定爬坡的时间,同时审核爬坡需要的各个环节的工作情况。IE需根据会议中定下的爬坡时间,制定细致的爬坡计划。IE制定爬坡计划时,需要联合生产部,物流部一同制定。制定时,步骤如下:文章源自线束工程师之家-https://suncve.com/methods-and-steps-of-ramp-production-implementation/
A、确定线束的复杂程度。一般IE将其分为3个等级:特别复杂线、中等复杂线、简单线。复杂线的爬坡周期长于简单线束。IE根据线束的复杂程度划分大致的爬坡周期时间。文章源自线束工程师之家-https://suncve.com/methods-and-steps-of-ramp-production-implementation/
B、确定员工对线束生产的熟悉程度。一般IE将其分为2个等级:新员工和有经验员工。新员工的爬坡周期长于有经验的员工。文章源自线束工程师之家-https://suncve.com/methods-and-steps-of-ramp-production-implementation/
C、根据线束的复杂程度和员工的对线束生产的熟悉程度,制定爬坡的速率。以下是员工爬坡速率的参照表。将以下表中的速率乘以额定的每班的产量就可以得出每班每天的爬坡需要做的线束数量。例如:已知额定每班的产量为100根,此线束为简单线束,员工等级为新员工,则按照爬坡速率参照表,将每天的速率乘以100,得出爬坡曲线如表2。文章源自线束工程师之家-https://suncve.com/methods-and-steps-of-ramp-production-implementation/
爬坡速率参照表(表1)文章源自线束工程师之家-https://suncve.com/methods-and-steps-of-ramp-production-implementation/
| 线束等级 | 员工等级 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 |
| 简单 | 新员工 | 0% | 8% | 16% | 24% | 30% | 35% | 40% | 45% | 50% | 54% | 58% | 62% | 66% | 69% | 72% | 75% | 77% | 79% | 81% | 83% | 85% | 86% | 88% | 89% | 90% | 91% | 92% | 93% | 95% | 95% | 96% | 98% | 99% | 100% | ||||||||||||||||
| 中等复杂 | 新员工 | 0% | 0% | 8% | 15% | 20% | 24% | 28% | 32% | 35% | 38% | 40% | 43% | 45% | 48% | 50% | 53% | 55% | 58% | 60% | 63% | 64% | 66% | 68% | 70% | 72% | 73% | 75% | 77% | 79% | 80% | 82% | 84% | 86% | 88% | 90% | 92% | 94% | 96% | 98% | 100% | ||||||||||
| 特别复杂 | 新员工 | 0% | 0% | 5% | 10% | 15% | 19% | 22% | 25% | 27% | 30% | 33% | 35% | 38% | 40% | 43% | 44% | 46% | 48% | 50% | 52% | 54% | 56% | 57% | 59% | 61% | 63% | 65% | 66% | 68% | 70% | 72% | 74% | 76% | 78% | 80% | 82% | 84% | 86% | 88% | 90% | 91% | 92% | 93% | 94% | 95% | 96% | 97% | 98% | 99% | 100% |
| 简单 | 有经验 | 0% | 18% | 31% | 44% | 55% | 61% | 67% | 72% | 76% | 80% | 84% | 87% | 90% | 93% | 95% | 97% | 98% | 99% | 99% | 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 中等复杂 | 有经验 | 0% | 9% | 16% | 24% | 29% | 34% | 38% | 42% | 46% | 50% | 53% | 57% | 60% | 63% | 66% | 69% | 72% | 75% | 78% | 80% | 82% | 84% | 86% | 88% | 90% | 91% | 92% | 93% | 94% | 95% | 96% | 97% | 98% | 99% | 100% | |||||||||||||||
| 特别复杂 | 有经验 | 0% | 5% | 10% | 15% | 20% | 25% | 29% | 33% | 36% | 40% | 44% | 47% | 50% | 53% | 56% | 59% | 62% | 65% | 68% | 71% | 74% | 76% | 78% | 80% | 82% | 84% | 85% | 86% | 87% | 88% | 89% | 90% | 91% | 92% | 93% | 94% | 95% | 96% | 97% | 98% | 99% | 100% |
爬坡曲线表(表2)
| 天数 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 |
| 速率 | 0% | 8% | 16% | 24% | 30% | 35% | 40% | 45% | 50% | 54% | 58% | 62% | 66% | 69% | 72% | 75% | 77% | 79% | 81% | 83% | 85% | 86% | 88% | 89% | 90% | 91% | 92% | 93% | 95% | 95% | 96% | 98% | 99% | 100% |
| 产出 | 0 | 8 | 16 | 24 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 54 | 58 | 62 | 66 | 69 | 72 | 75 | 77 | 79
| 8 | 83 | 85 | 86 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 95 | 95 | 96 | 98 | 99 | 100 |

2. 爬坡前预准备工作:在爬坡前,需要将各项预准备工作完成,爬坡才能顺利开始。这些预准备工作包括:
3. 爬坡跟踪及后期优化:爬坡开始后,IE需记录每天的爬坡情况。记录的数据有实际的产出,实际工作时间,实际操作人员数量。将这些数据和计划的数据做比较,进行进一步分析和研究,找出异常,解决问题。
案例分析如下:

爬坡记录表
除了实际数据的收集,IE还需在现场进行实地观察,寻找并发现员工操作时的问题,将现场反馈的问题一一做好记录,将问题记录后找出根本原因,制定责任人和完成时间,并做好跟踪,以便更快解决问题,使得爬坡顺利完成。现场记录的问题将形成爬坡跟踪表,将跟踪表发给小组相关成员,督促其改进。

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